Striatus – First 3D printed and unreinforced concrete bridge by Zaha Hadid Architects + Block Research Group + incremental3D

Striatus是苏黎世联邦理工学院Block研究小组（BRG）、扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所计算与设计小组（ZHACODE）以及incremental3D（in3D）合作开展的项目，并在Holcim公司的帮助下实现。
Striatus is a project by the Block Research Group (BRG) at ETH Zurich and Zaha Hadid Architects Computation and Design Group (ZHACODE), in collaboration with incremental3D (in3D), made possible by Holcim.

Striatus是一座拱形的无钢筋砌体人行桥，由3D打印的混凝土砌块构成，组装过程中不采用粘合剂。这座16×12米的人行桥结合了大师级建造者的传统技术，以及先进的计算机设计、工程和机器人制造技术。Striatus目前正在威尼斯建筑双年展的Giardini della Marinaressa花园展出，展期将持续至2021年11月。
Striatus is an arched, unreinforced masonry footbridge composed of 3D-printed concrete blocks assembled without mortar. Exhibited at the Giardini della Marinaressa during the Venice Architecture Biennale until November 2021, the 16×12-metre footbridge is the first of its kind, combining traditional techniques of master builders with advanced computational design, engineering and robotic manufacturing technologies.

“Striatus”的名称（意为带条纹的）反映了其结构和制造过程上的逻辑。混凝土材料被打印成垂直于主要结构力的分层，以创建一种无需加固的、纯压缩的“条状”结构。
The name “Striatus” reflects its structural logic and fabrication process. Concrete is printed in layers orthogonal to the main structural forces to create a “striated” compression-only funicular structure that requires no reinforcement.

Striatus提出了一种新的混凝土语言，它结构合理、制造方法明确、对生态负责，并且能够凭借精确的设计显著节约成本。Striatus优化了砌体结构、3D混凝土打印（3DCP）和当代设计之间相互关联的特性，提出了一种能够替代传统混凝土建筑的可行方案。
Proposing a new language for concrete that is structurally informed, fabrication aware, ecologically responsible and precisely placed to build more with less, Striatus optimises the interrelated properties of masonry structures, 3D concrete printing (3DCP) and contemporary design; presenting an alternative to traditional concrete construction.

凭借几何形状获得强度
Strength through geometry

Striatus是一个无钢筋的混凝土结构，凭借几何形状获得了强度。混凝土可以被看做是一种人工石材，拥有最好的压缩性能。在拱形和拱顶结构中，材料可以被精确地放置，从而使力在纯粹的压缩中传递到支撑物上。这种情况下，结构的强度是借助几何形状而产生的，而不是像传统的混凝土梁和水平楼板那样以低效的方式进行材料堆积。这不仅有利于显著减少营造空间所需的材料数量，同时还能够鼓励人们更多地使用低强度、低污染的材料进行建造。
Striatus is an unreinforced concrete structure that achieves strength through geometry. Concrete can be considered an artificial stone that performs best in compression. In arched and vaulted structures, material can be placed precisely so that forces can travel to the supports in pure compression. Strength is created through geometry, rather than an inefficient accumulation of materials as in conventional concrete beams and flat floor slabs. This presents opportunities to significantly reduce the amount of material needed to span space as well as the possibility to build with lower-strength, less-polluting alternatives.

- 结构的强度是借助几何形状而产生，Strength is created through geometry

可持续的数字混凝土
Sustainable digital concrete

Striatus采用循环设计，仅在需要的地方放置材料，从而大幅减少了其对环境造成的影响。Striatus采用干式组装，不使用钢筋和粘合剂，可以反复地进行安装、拆卸、重组或更换用途，充分地展示了可持续性的3R原则（Reduce, Reuse, Recycle）在混凝土结构中的成功应用。
Circular by design, Striatus places material only where needed, significantly reducing its environmental footprint. Built without reinforcement and using dry assembly without binders, Striatus can be installed, dismantled, reassembled and repurposed repeatedly; demonstrating how the three R’s of sustainability (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) can be applied to concrete structures.

机器人3D混凝土打印
Robotic 3D concrete printing

和典型的挤压式3D打印不同，Striatus采用的是双组（2K）混凝土墨水以及相配套的打印头和泵送装置，能够通过一个6轴的多方位机械臂精准地打印不均匀层和非平行层。这种新一代3D混凝土打印技术与拱形砌体设计相结合，其生产出的构件可以在无需任何加固或后加拉力的条件下实现承重。
Unlike typical extrusion 3D printing in simple horizontal layers, Striatus uses a two-component (2K) concrete ink with corresponding printing head and pumping arrangement to precisely print non-uniform and non-parallel layers via a 6-axis, multi-DOF robotic arm. This new generation of 3D concrete printing in combination with the arched masonry design allows the resulting components to be used structurally without any reinforcement or post-tensioning.

颠覆性的前景
Disruptive outlook

预计在未来30年内，全球将建成3000亿平方米的新楼层，而楼板本身的重量将占据大多数高层建筑（10层以上）重量的40%以上。Striatus建造方式的引入将真正地颠覆建筑行业——改变我们设计和建造人工环境的方式，从而更好地应对我们所处时代的决定性挑战。
With an estimated 300 billion square metres of floor area to be constructed worldwide over the next 30 years, and floors comprising more than 40% of the weight of most high-rise buildings (10+ storeys), introducing the principles demonstrated by Striatus would truly disrupt the construction industry — transforming how we design and construct our built environment to address the defining challenges of our era.